> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://thesigmaschool.gitbook.io/home/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://thesigmaschool.gitbook.io/home/course-curriculum/programming-fundamentals-using-python.md).
# Programming Fundamentals using Python
**Course Description**
Learn Python through a practical, hands-on approach that takes you from writing your first program to building object-oriented applications. Whether you're interested in automation, data science, AI, or software development, this course provides a strong foundation for future learning.
**Course Duration:** 8 Weeks
**Class Schedule:**
* 3 Classes per Week
* 1.5 Hours per Class
**Batch Timings:** Multiple batches available.
**Seat Availability:** Limited seats per batch.
**Contact:** Contact the institute for batch timings, seat availability, and enrollment details.
***
### Detailed Course Curriculum
Module 1: Python Foundations
Build a solid understanding of how computers work, how Python executes code, and the core concepts of programming.
Topics Included:
* Computer Basics (CPU, Memory, and I/O Devices)
* Computer Architecture & Operating Systems
* Purpose of Programming Languages
* Getting Started with Python
* Python Standards and Implementations
* Python Program Execution Process
* Essential Python Terminology
* Installing Python & Setting Up the Environment
* Creating Your First Python Program
* Using Comments in Python
Module 2: Variables and Data Types
Understand how Python stores and manages data through variables, data types, and conversion methods.
Topics Included:
* Working with Variables
* Variable Assignment and Value Swapping
* Understanding `id()`
* Using the `type()` Function
* Introduction to Tuples
* Type Casting and Conversion
* Python's Data Model Basics
Module 3: Input and Output Operations
Learn how to take user input and display information effectively in Python programs.
Topics Included:
* Using the `print()` Function
* Taking Input with `input()`
* Formatting Console Output
Module 4: Operators in Python
Explore Python operators while solving practical mathematical and logical problems.
Topics Included:
* Arithmetic Operators
* Logical Operators
* Identity Operators
* Membership Operators
* Bitwise Operators
* Finding the Last Digit of a Number
* Calculating Days Before N Days
* Arithmetic Progression
* Geometric Progression
Module 5: Decision Making and Conditional Logic
Strengthen problem-solving skills by implementing conditional statements in Python.
Topics Included:
* `if`, `elif`, and `else`
* Even and Odd Number Programs
* Finding the Largest of Three Numbers
* Leap Year Checker
* Basic Calculator Program
Module 6: Loops and Pattern Problems
Learn iterative programming techniques and practice solving algorithmic challenges using loops.
Topics Included:
* `while` Loop
* `for` Loop
* The `range()` Function
* `break` and `continue`
* Nested Loops
* Multiplication Tables
* Square, Triangle, and Inverted Triangle Patterns
* Fibonacci Series
* GCD and LCM
* Practice Exercises
Module 7: Functions
Write reusable and organized code by mastering Python functions and different parameter-passing techniques.
Topics Included:
* Introduction to Functions
* Real-world Uses of Functions
* Function Execution Flow
* Default Parameters
* Keyword Arguments
* Variable-Length Arguments
* Returning Multiple Values
* Parameter Passing Concepts
* Global Variables
* Number-based Programming Exercises
Module 8: Lists and Sequence Manipulation
Learn to work efficiently with Python's most versatile collection type and sequence operations.
Topics Included:
* Introduction to Lists
* How Lists Work Internally
* Slicing Lists, Tuples, and Strings
* Finding the Average of a List
* Checking if a List is Sorted
* Filtering Smaller Elements
* Separating Even and Odd Numbers
* List Comprehensions
Module 9: Strings
Develop strong text-processing skills through Python's powerful string manipulation features.
Topics Included:
* String Basics
* Escape Characters
* Raw Strings
* Formatted Strings (f-Strings)
* Common String Operations
* String Comparison
* Pattern Searching
* Reversing a String
* Palindrome Detection
* Decimal and Binary Conversion
* String-based Practice Problems
Module 10: Built-in Functions and Functional Programming
Take advantage of Python's built-in utilities and modern functional programming features.
Topics Included:
* Lambda Functions
* `zip()`
* `map()`
* `filter()`
* Special (Magic) Methods
* Basics of Operator Overloading
* Python Coding Standards (PEP 8)
Module 11: Exception Handling
Write robust Python programs by understanding and handling runtime errors effectively.
Topics Included:
* Understanding Errors and Exceptions
* Common Exception Types
* Exception Handling Techniques
* Best Practices for Error Handling
Module 12: OOP Fundamentals
Topics Included:
* Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming
* Classes and Objects
* Class vs. Instance Attributes
Module 13: Encapsulation
Topics Included:
* Understanding Encapsulation
* Accessing Class Members
* Protecting Data within Classes
Module 14: Abstraction
Topics Included:
* Principles of Abstraction
* Working with Abstract Classes
Module 15: Inheritance
Topics Included:
* Introduction to Inheritance
* Different Types of Inheritance
* Multiple Inheritance
Module 16: Polymorphism
Topics Included:
* Understanding Polymorphism
* Method Overriding
* Operator Overloading
* Real-world Applications of Polymorphism